{
  "edition": "2026-11-02",
  "scope": "Whole worldwide data-center sector, including AI and other workloads. Different evidence years; not a common-year census, AI-only total or net additions since 2023.",
  "land": {
    "acres": 20000,
    "year": 2024,
    "manhattan_square_miles": 22.7,
    "acres_per_square_mile": 640,
    "manhattan_equivalents": 1.3766519823788546,
    "square_miles": 31.25
  },
  "electricity": {
    "twh_per_year": 485,
    "year": 2025,
    "nyc_twh_per_year": 50,
    "hours_per_year": 8760,
    "average_gw": 55.36529680365297,
    "nyc_equivalents": 9.7,
    "nyc_average_gw": 5.707762557077626
  },
  "water": {
    "billion_litres_per_year": 560,
    "year": 2023,
    "direct_cooling_share_approx": 0.25,
    "litres_per_us_gallon": 3.785411784,
    "nyc_billion_us_gallons_2025": 363.4,
    "days_per_year": 365,
    "nyc_supply_days": 148.58769263072523,
    "direct_cooling_billion_litres_approx": 140.0,
    "direct_cooling_nyc_supply_days_approx": 37.14692315768131
  },
  "sources": {
    "land": {
      "publisher": "Hines Research",
      "title": "Power Play: The Emerging Powered Land Opportunity",
      "url": "https://hines-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/PoweredLand25.pdf",
      "date": "2025-09",
      "page": 3,
      "basis": "End-2024 modeled operational powered land; approximately 3.5 MW per acre. Not a parcel census or all operator-owned land."
    },
    "water": {
      "publisher": "IEA",
      "title": "Energy and AI",
      "url": "https://www.iea.org/files/de9dea13-b07d-42c5-a398-d1b3ae17d866/EnergyandAI.pdf",
      "date": "2025-04-10",
      "pages": "242\u2013243",
      "basis": "2023 global water consumption: direct cooling, energy supply and chip manufacture. Cooling approximately one-quarter."
    },
    "electricity": {
      "publisher": "IEA",
      "title": "Key Questions on Energy and AI",
      "url": "https://www.iea.org/reports/key-questions-on-energy-and-ai/executive-summary",
      "date": "2026",
      "basis": "2025 global electricity consumption, all data-center workloads."
    },
    "city_land": {
      "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
      "title": "Manhattan borough profile",
      "url": "https://data.census.gov/profile/Manhattan_borough,_New_York_County,_New_York?g=060XX00US3606144919",
      "basis": "22.7 square miles of land, rounded Census profile value."
    },
    "city_water": {
      "publisher": "NYC Department of Environmental Protection",
      "title": "2025 Drinking Water Supply and Quality Report",
      "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/assets/dep/downloads/pdf/water/drinking-water/drinking-water-supply-quality-report/2025-drinking-water-supply-quality-report.pdf",
      "basis": "363.4 billion US gallons delivered to NYC in calendar 2025. Excludes additional deliveries outside the city."
    },
    "city_electricity": {
      "publisher": "NYC Comptroller",
      "title": "Meeting New York City\u2019s Energy Demand Challenge",
      "url": "https://comptroller.nyc.gov/reports/meeting-new-york-citys-energy-demand-challenge/",
      "date": "2026-07-22",
      "basis": "Approximately 50,000 GWh annually for Zone J / NYC, not just city-government buildings."
    }
  }
}